Accounting Concepts Standardised Principles

Question: Talk about the Accounting Concepts Standardized Principles. Answer: Bookkeeping ideas: As we as a whole know that the term Accounting Concepts for the most part identify with the normalized standards just as the ideas which have been considered as a base for the planning of records. The sum total of what these have been consider as an expansive discussions which is principally concocted with the target to give the fundamental system concerning the money related announcing. Besides, the term Financial detailing have been taken as a most extreme significant in light of the fact that it includes proficient judgment by the experience bookkeepers which are required to be according to the law a standard set by the administration. These thusly guarantees that the ideas just as standards is plainly try to guarantee that every such individuals which includes to utilize the fiscal report for different choice, for example, speculation choice would not be any path misdirected by these normalized standards also ideas. Along these lines, it tends to be expressed that it would be cra fted by bookkeeper to guarantee that bookkeeping treatment that have been received by the association must be in accordance with the various ideas just as the standard of bookkeeping (Accounting tools,2016). Further, all together shaved area that standards also ideas have been applied according to the measures, it has been given that lion's share of the bookkeeping bodies have been consolidated with respect to the revealing structures like IASB. Underneath rundown will unmistakably give the different bookkeeping ideas just as standards/bookkeeping principles that are required to be followed while readiness of the yearly report or fiscal summary of an association or an element (Singed, 2016). Objectivity Pertinence Unwavering quality Idealness Reasonability Coordinating Concept Nonpartisanship Substance over structure nonpartisanship Business Entity Fulfillment Reliability Going Concern Gathering Consistency Materiality Genuine portrayal Reasonability (Bookkeeping instruments, 2016). If there should be an occurrence of any contention that would have been emerging while at the same time setting up the yearly report or fiscal report of the ill will or an association like exemplary instance of any bookkeeping rule or idea that may result to furnish strife with the another standard or idea, that time it is prudent that the bookkeeper must think about choice taking all the applicable realities and must receive the best system for the readiness of the yearly report or for the clients of the monetary equality (Accounting rearranged, 2016)..An example that can be taken for the way that is exchange off which have been exist between the correlations also the unwavering quality. That the data which would have been progressively pertinent must required to uncovered in opportune way (Aisles, 2016). Likewise whether that specific snippet of data is solid or not is subsequently rely on the pertinence with respect to the data that have been consider as a topic for the judgment w hich in resultant should be taken for the enthusiasm of clients of the money related stement or data. [i] The reality data will be viewed as dependable just when the equivalent unveiled in the opportune way. Likewise whether the equivalent have been solid or not additionally rely on informations importance which is additionally the topic from the half quart of the clients of the yearly report or the budgetary data As well know that bookkeeping ideas and the guideline includes Objectivity, Relevance, Reliability, Timeliness, Prudence In the expressed instance of Woolworth, yearly report of the organization saw as readied as per the different standards just as ideas and the equivalent has resultant end up being valid too. Additionally the money related stement have been set up as per the Australian Accounting norms. Further, this announcement likewise includes the translation with respect to the distinctive bookkeeping guidelines and furthermore the proclamation of the global monetary detailing principles. Every one of these guidelines have been administered by the different arrangements of the Corporation Act, 2001. Woolworth Group has been working under their exquisite Australian Accounting Standards with the end goal of the budgetary revealing (woolworthslimited, 2016). The primary point of the Australian principles of bookkeeping is the way that this sets out the guidelines and the guidelines based on which the budget reports are readied. This offers the monetary expressions exceptionally valuable for the clients that utilization these budget summaries. This is the data which incorporates the different occasions, exchanges that have been gone into under the year. Every one of these occasions and exchanges are administered by the Australian Standards of Accounting and these are in accordance with the standards set somewhere around the International Financial Reporting measures. According to the money related stement of the Woolworth, it obviously expresses that the equivalent has been readied utilizing the gathering bookkeeping and have likewise been on the baize of the recorded Cost which have been additionally adjusted any place required or applicable..The same has been finished by the estimation which is at reasonable incentive for the different chose non-current resources, the monetary resources and furthermore the budgetary liabilities. Additionally it has been seen that Woolworth have been following the Going concern Concept which obviously gives that the budget summary have been set up with the suspicion that the Group will work for a long time to come. This would resultant assistance to direct the everyday business exercises alongside the acknowledgment for the benefits and furthermore the release of the different liabilities during the ordinary course of the exchange of the business. The way that the solidified element has acquired a benefit of $ 2146 million and the net incomes from the working exercises for the year finished 2015 has been diminished $262.3 million to $ 4711.1 million. The chiefs of the organization further are of the view that a significant number of the sensible grounds have been set down for the motivations behind merging the substance that would empower the organization to go about as a going concern. This would be done after the thought of the accompanying laid done components: The organization shows up as was fruitful in raising the funding to a measure of $5064.9 million from $ 485.01 million during the time of 2015. Additionally the money balance has been raised to $ 1333.4 million from $922.46 which likewise expresses that organization execution is sure (woolworthslimited, 2016).As per the executives of the organization, the organization alongside its solidified organization would have the option to keep on following up on the supposition of going concern and that would be well-suited for the readiness of the budget reports of the expressed organizations and the monetary report of the equivalent. Report of the gathering: With regards to AASB/IASB standard, the yearly report of the Group Woolworth obviously indicates that the essentially assessor the gathering has been values at their reasonable value.The yearly report of the organization expresses that the different resources of the organization have been esteemed at its reasonable worth. In regard of the money related instruments, acknowledgment and the underlying estimation, the different monetary resources and the budgetary liabilities Del to be perceived as and when element has become part for the different arrangements of the agreement to the provision.Taking into thought the yearly report of the Woolosworth, it has been discovered that installment for the assessment has been diminished for the year 2015 to $ 1055.7 million which was already in the year 2014 was $ 1162.5 million. And furthermore it has been seen that the equivalent is for the most part or overwhelmingly on account of the higher number of the installment made in the year 2014 chi efly because of the alteration sin the Australian Tax enactments (woolworthslimited, 2016).In regard of the GST for example Products Service Tax, It has been discovered that the income, cost just as resources have been perceived net of GST, aside from for the situation which have been expressed by the assessment authority that GST acquired couldn't be recoverable. . A therefore in the referenced case the GST would be perceived as a cost or as cost. In the Woolworths, receivables just as payables have seen as expressed with the incorporation of the GST. In the monetary situation of the woolsworth, the net measure of GST recoverable or payable to the authority have seen as included as current obligation or the current resources in united fiscal report. Likewise the income has been remembered for the combined budget summary on net premise (Aisles, 2016). Additionally the GST segment which has been emerged from the contributing just as financing which have been recoverable also payable to the duty authority and resultant named working income. Additionally, as to the reception of the new and the altered standard by the Group-It has discovered that all the new and significant successful norms which have been given by Australian Accounting .a few examples of selection are as follow AASB 2015-2 Amendments to Australian Accounting Standards Disclosure Initiative: Amendments to AASB 101 it has been certain that Woolsworth bunch has embraced the equivalent. Additionally the gathering received AASB 2015-2 Amendments to Australian Accounting Standards Disclosure Initiative: Amendments to AASB 101 in front of the required, which have been compelling from first January, 2016. AASB 2015-2 changes AASB 101 Presentation of Financial Statements so as to give explanation in regard to the divulgence prerequisites in AASB 101. It has discovered that the Woolworth Group applied every one of these corrections for the assurance just as for divulgences while setting up the money related reports of the group.In respect to the annual assessment of the Woolworth, it has been discovered that the equivalent have been involved both current duty and varied tax.Current charge it speaks to the personal expense payable for example the sum which has been relied upon to pay for the salary during the p

3d printing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

3d printing - Essay Example creative innovative development of 3D-printers, individuals from the general public should not be requesting for the things they require for their every day exercises. In spite of the fact that the time factor is one among the significant advantages of utilizing 3-D printing, this paper targets investigating how 3-D printing influences producing, quality, the economy, and swelling. The paper talks about the operational, vital, money related, and social impacts of 3-D printing. Assembling includes the way toward changing crude materials into consumable items for business, individual or last use. Regarding mechanical progressions, 3D-printing has brought the assembling procedure closer to the end client. Through 3D-printing, people can fabricate the things they require from the accommodation of their living territories. Notwithstanding, while considering the procedures associated with assembling, it is apparent that 3-D printing effectsly affects the network all in all and the producers specifically. For example, the utilization of 3D-printing is an answer driven development that targets wiping out the expenses related with the assembling procedure, conveyance, stockpiling, and security of items. Then again, it kills a business portion as assembling forms that necessary huge classes of work are supplanted with machines working using virtual insight. While the assembling procedure utilizing 3D-printing is probably going to put various individuals out work, it permits incredible arrangement of assorted variety for the choices accessible to clients. Also, the utilization of 3D-printing connects with the client with the assembling procedure making it simple for clients to control configuration, taste, substance, and feel of different articles to coordinate individual inclinations (D’Aveni, para 1-4). A machine is an operational gadget which joins different parts working in different examples to frame a framework. Through the utilization of virtual rationale, a framework is coordinated or programed to

Occupational Safety and Health Act Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Word related Safety and Health Act - Assignment Example These infringement are culpable in an alternate way and it is the obligation of the controller to guarantee certain principles are accomplished and suggest in cases where the laws are disregarded. As much as the laws were instituted to ensure laborers there is have to concentrate on the perspectives on the businesses. The private segments contention on the administration encompassing the OSH demonstration is unjustified. There is have to concentrate on the requirement for guideline. Guidelines in any industry are intended to set norms to be achieved by players inside the business. The guidelines under the demonstration are liable for the present rights and opportunity delighted in by the laborers inside a given industry. The controller, regardless, should an impartial so as to guarantee a reasonable stage where those annoyed or influenced can look for equity. For this situation disappointments by the businesses to direct themselves have welcomed the administration under the OSHA to set measures to be trailed by the businesses. The laws are planned to guarantee a sheltered working space. The representatives ought to be secure in their individual workstation. The old practice by the workers has been the relic of times gone by. The quantity of passings and business related wounds has diminished radically. The push for the word related security and Health act was activated by the working conditions under which the representatives were exposed to. The pre-OSHA period was described by businesses who were keen on benefit making instead of laborers security. The private division disappointments to guarantee security among its workspaces incited the instatement of the OSHA demonstration. The contention ought to be on what choices the private bosses need to guarantee the laborers are sheltered. The absence of elective measures shows how activity by the private businesses set off the demonstration being marked in 1970. The robust fines under the demonstration are measures to guarantee the guidelines are followed sufficiently.

Essay on Key Performance Indicators - Free Essay Example

A performance indicator or also known as key performance indicator (KPI) is a kind method to measure performance used by organization or company (Irwin, 2011). It is mostly use to monitor an operation or to measure focusing in the aspects of organizational performance which are most critical for an organization current and future success (Irwin, 2011). According to MaryLynn Zahn, KPIs are used in order to assess the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance in their business units, division, departments and employees (Zahn, 2013). It is very helpful in providing evidence that certain results have or have not been achieved, enable achievement of intended outputs, outcomes, goals and objectives to be mad by decision makers, help in perceiving differences, improvements or developments which is related to a desired change in a particular context and also it consists of information which shows the changes such as factors or variables that provide a simple and reliable which reflect the changes (Zahn, 2013). There are a few types of performance indicators in an organization with certain characteristics and description. Key performance indicators or KPIs are non-financial measures and they are not expressed in monetary figures. For example, if you put a Ringgit Malaysia sign in measuring, you have not dug deep enough. Yesterday sales made by an organization will be a result of sales calls made previously into existing and prospective customers as well as in advertising, amount of contact with the key customers and product reliability. Result indicators are a sales indicator which has been expressed in monetary terms (Irwin, 2011). Most of the organization uses KPI for certain activities which undertaken their key customers and who are often generate most or all of their profit (Irwin, 2011). Besides, KPI will be used in measuring frequently. It is usually being monitored and reported 24/7, daily or perhaps weekly. It could not be use in monthly measurement as it will be shutting the stable door well after the horse has bolted (Irwin, 2011). It is current or future measures and as opposed to the past measures. Most of the organization measures are past indicator and they usually measure events of the last month or quarter (Irwin, 2011). These measures are not KPI which is why a satisfaction percentage such as 65% of customer satisfaction survey performed in every six months couldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be a performance indicator (Irwin, 2011). KPIs should be made clear of what action is ne eded and can be understood by staff. Usually they are acted upon by the CEO and senior management and good KPIs can make differences to the CEO or superior for constant attention such as with daily calls to the relevant staff (Irwin, 2011). Besides, they have a very significant effect upon the organization. Usually it will affect the critical success factors and more than a balanced scorecard perspective. In other words, when theCEOfocuses on the KPI and the staff follows, the organization scores goals in all directions (Irwin, 2011). KPI also has a positive effects or a flow on effect on the other measure. For example, reducing late planes would improve performance measures around improved service by ground staff as there is less firefighting to distract them from a quality and caring customer contact. There are three types of key performance indicator which are quantitative, directional and actionable. This sub categorization could be an extremely valuable tool for a company in the assessment of its performance (Zahn, 2013). In quantitative indicators, it is used to measure quantity or expressed it as in a form of numbers (Zahn, 2013). Depending on the data being used and involved, they can be expressed in a number ways. It could be in the form as whole number, decimals, ratios, fractions, percentages and monetary values. This type of indicator is easy to use and compare and it benefits us when it come to comparing data (Zahn, 2013). For example, an organization can use the data to compare a scientific indicator throughout a period of time in order to understand the business trends or the position of a company against the competitor. As an example of quantitative indicators in business world are number of invoices processed, turnaround time, number of payments posted, number of reconciliations completed, number of journal entries posted, annual sales, annual expenditures and etc (Zahn, 2013). The second type of directional indicators is used to prov ide the necessity data for a company in order to get a pulse around whether they wish to improve, remain the same or failing. It will be used to help in identifying the improvement or progress as such in comparing last monthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and this monthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s sales (Zahn, 2013). Directional indicators are extremely helpful to identify the areas which are not performing effectively or efficiently and also to track and corrective action which is taken in a timely manner or it can be the mean difference in between a company success and failure (Zahn, 2013). Actionable indicator is used to assist in a company to identify area which they can be changed effectively by taking action. As an example that could be shown is a company would do better by the outsourcing processes (Zahn, 2013). In this, the true benefit can be realized when a company or organization analyzes the indicators in place and take appropriate action. Companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance could be a ssist by these indicators because it is a valuable tool for them in order to stay ahead of the company competitors. If this indicator is being use to their fullest, it will make a great difference in between a highly successful company or whether the company is barely only maintaining (Zahn, 2013). There is another one type of indicator which was not included by MarLynn Zahn, the qualitative indicators (Evaluation, n.d.). In qualitative indicators, it does not show the numeric measures but the depict the status of something which is in more qualitative terms. These indicators are not seem to be appealing but there are some things which are better as compared to the quantitative indicator (Evaluation, n.d.). For example, how much a poor community is empowered may not be measurable in strict quantitative terms. But they can be graded based on qualitative findings. Whether a cooperative body is properly functioning or not, can be assessed in qualitative terms and then it can be grad ed (Evaluation, n.d.). In my opinion, if a small company or organizations which wish to identify their own company performance, it will be appropriate to use quantitative indicator as it will be easier to understand and view by them. It will be more appropriate and easy to view since the data all will be shown in the form of numbers and it can be clearly seen through the graphs or tables (Zahn, 2013). For company which wants to know about their performance as in the total of sales or profit without the intention to against their competitor, quantitative indicator will be the best indicator to be used (Institute, 2011). However, for a company or organization that wants to improve in their performance or sales, it will be useful to use directional indicator. This is because in directional indicator, it can help an organization to identify the improvement or the progress of their performance such as their sales or rundown of the company from time to time (Methadology, 2014). This wi ll ease them in looking or identifying what is the reason or factors of the success. It can be the same for them to identify their problems as well if there happen to be a loss rather than profit so they could identify the problem and solve it before it leads to another crisis of an organization or company. It is not a comparison or competition in between the types of indicators but rather depends on own perspectives values and respective importance by an organization or company. Depending on their goal to get from the performance indicators and select which is the one that suits them using it (Evaluation, n.d.). Bibliography Evaluation, M. a., n.d. [Online] Available at: https://monitoringevaluation.weebly.com/quantitativequalitative-indicators.html [Accessed 20 March 2014]. Institute, T. A., 2011. Continuos Progress. [Online] Available at: https://fp.continuousprogress.org/node/33 [Accessed 20 March 2014]. Irwin, T., 2011. Mondaq Connecting knowledge and people. [Online] Available at: https://www.mondaq.com/x/140520/Operational+Performance+Management/Key+Performance+Indicators+KPIs+What+They+Are+And+What+They+Do [Accessed 12 March 2014]. Methadology, G. E., 2014. GEM. [Online] Available at: https://www.apcwomen.org/gemkit/en/gem_tool/step4a.htm [Accessed 20 March 2014]. Zahn, M., 2013. The Accounting Minute. [Online] Available at: https://clarity.sutherlandglobal.com/blog/accounting-minute/types-of-performance-indicators/ [Accessed 20 March 2014].

Maslow s Theory Of Human Motivation - 901 Words

In our everyday lives, we go through certain needs and behaviors. Abraham Maslow’s article of Theory of Human Motivation begins with the explanation of the Basic Needs of behavior. He goes over how our basic needs are safety, love, self-esteem, and self-actualization. (Physiological needs tend to go along with the other four needs.) When it comes to craving violence, four of the above needs apply to the given behavior. Starting with physiological needs; they are those needs that include survival (sleep, food, air, and reproduction). Physiological needs are the demands we all need for human survival. Safety needs are those that come from when one feels threatened by something else entirely like a predator. It is the need for security and protection. When we have our other needs met, our safety needs dominate how we behave. An example of safety satisfaction would be if one is surrounded by one’s Religion or Philosophy. Love needs occur when both parties are physiologically satisfied. Examples if this would be the love for family and friends. Keep in mind, this is not equal to sex. Sex is a more physical desire than love. Esteem needs happen when self-respect steps into place. As people, we desire high-evaluation for ourselves. For instance, if ignored the need becomes a more desperate and it turns into a weakness, especially that of inferiority. The need for self-actualization are when we are happy with what/who we are and accepting of others. For example, if you are a poet,Show MoreRelatedMaslow s Theory On Human Motivation1310 Words   |  6 PagesMaslow’s (1943) hierarchy of needs was one of the earliest theories developed on human motivation. With the basic principle that higher-level motives could not become active before the basic needs had been met (Lahey, 2001). Maslow suggested that these basic needs such as food, water and safety needed to be in place and satisfied before motivation to meet higher needs is possible and takes effect. Maslow (1943) organised these human needs into five sets and then arranged those into a pyramid, withRead MoreMaslow s Theory Of Human Motivation Essay1350 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1943 Humanistic Psychologist Abraham Maslow proposed his Theory of Human Motivation. In this paper he outlines what he believes to be a humans hierarchy of needs. Maslow suggests in his journal that one must meet the needs of the previous level before moving on to meet the needs of the next one on the hierarchy. According to Maslow there are 5 tiers of human needs: physiological, security, belonging, self-esteem, and self-actualization. In Welch, West Virginia Jeanette and her siblings must adjustRead MoreAbraham Maslow s Theory Of Human Motivation1670 Words   |  7 PagesAbraham Maslow Abraham Maslow was always visually examining the greater scope of human nature. Whereas most of his counterparts of his day seemed to be more concerned with a narrower scope, Maslow s own vision was far-reaching. His lifetime of revelations in motivation and personality transcended academic psychology, and extended into the major business fields of management and marketing. Maslow additionally explored how and individual perceives their existence and beginning to display signs ofRead MoreMaslow s Theory Of Human Motivation1560 Words   |  7 Pagesof what ideology one follows, is â€Å"what motivates humans?† In the year of 1943, Abram Maslow wrote his paper A Theory of Human Motivation. In this paper, Maslow described a theory in which he claimed that all people had basic needs, and these needs were fulfilled in order of their importance to the individual. Each need would need to be met prior to working towards another need, eventually achieving the ultimate goal of self-ac tualization. This theory is the basis of the humanistic perspective, whichRead MoreThe Hierarchy Of Needs Theory Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesThe Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory Living beings act, and their behavior is driven by incentives, needs, and drives. Animals act only by their instinctive desires. The behavior of animals is due to instinctive desires rather than by thought. However, where does man s behavior originate from? Many psychologists have studied this topic with interest. Man s behavior is also influenced by human desires. However, how human desires influence human behavior is a very important issue. OnRead MoreMotivation, As The Causes Of Our Behaviour1644 Words   |  7 PagesMotivation Introduction Mitchell (1982, p.82) describes motivation as â€Å"the degree to which an individual wants and chooses to engage in certain specified behaviours†. Hence, in general, behaviour is determined by certain motives, thus, Vroom and Deci (1992, p.33) considered motivation â€Å"as the causes of our behaviour†. Moreover, according to Mullins (2013, p.245) motivation is concerned with question â€Å"why do people do what they do?†, because motivation is an inner driving force which leads to particularRead MoreEvaluate The Theory Of Motivation From Humanistic Perspective Essay1624 Words   |  7 PagesEvaluate the theory of motivation from the Humanistic perspective. By Marialena Posteraro Throughout this paper evaluation of motivation from a Humanistic perspective will be examined. Motivation is the drive within humans that makes us act, it is a process that influences goal directed behavior. Drives are considered internal factors that push an organism into action. Throughout our lives, we have certain drives within us that motivate us to behave and act in a certain way to fulfill ourRead MoreDr. Vroom s Expectancy Theory1577 Words   |  7 Pages D. Expectancy Theory Motivate Your Team by Linking Effort With Outcome Vroom s expectancy theory assumes that behaviour results from conscious choices among alternatives whose purpose it is to maximize pleasure and minimize pain. Together with Edward Lawler and Lyman Porter, Victor Vroom suggested that the relationship between people s behaviour at work and their goals was not as simple as was first imagined by other scientists. Vroom realized that an employee s performance is based on individualRead MoreAbraham Maslow Life Span Development and Personality1082 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Maslow Life Span Development and Personality Abraham Maslow was born April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, New York. Abraham Maslow grew up in Brooklyn, New York, the first of seven children born to his Jewish parents who emigrated from Russia. His parents were uneducated, but they insisted that he study law. Maslow later described his early childhood as unhappy and lonely, and he spent much of his time in the library immersed in books. At first, Abraham acceded to their wishes and enrolled in theRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1741 Words   |  7 Pagesis discuss on the two theories: The Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Herzberg’s. The Maslow’s hierarchy of needs include five levels, and at the certain extent, reflect the rule of human s activities on psychological and behavior. Herzberg’ describe the more details of worker agree or disagree about working. In this essay, more related knowledge details and effects will de described, then, analysis the two theories individual, choose a better one. II. Describe the two theories. 2.1Maslow’s hierarchy

Teaching Philosophy My Philosophy - 1100 Words

Teaching Philosophy: Lauren Gross EDUC 120 Learn to Teach, Learn to Learn. / Use the past to teach the future ( That is my philosophy) Theory helps teachers think about what we experience and furthermore to teach and learn about how we, as educators, learn. Teachers should be supportive and cooperative, teachers should play the role of a friend, but also stealthily act in the role of advisor or guide for students. Teachers should live by existing educational theories, but also be able to create theories of their own. As captains of the classroom, teachers truly have an ability to see a student in all of his or hers walks of life. A teacher can see what a student is capable of by way of independent or group work and the progression students make over a certain period of time. Teachers and theories stand as tools for understanding, and can serve as a lens for viewing the world and making sense of it. Theories of children’s play provide diverse lenses shaped by the many disciplines that have contributed to our knowledge of play (Sutton-Smith, 1997, 1999/ Frost). Many theories about children’s play can be described in terms of rhetoric of progress, How a student is perceived is often wrongly based on a teacher’s bias or a small lens or section within that students total educational experience. A student’s image is based on factors that that student has outside influences. Anything from a student’s work ethic or behavior is often forced upon them and also is often is reflectedShow MoreRelatedMy Philosophy Of Teaching Philosophy911 Words   |  4 PagesTeaching Philosophy When I think about my teaching philosophy, I think of a quote by Nikos Kazantzakis, Greek writer and philosopher. Kazantzakis states, â€Å"True teachers are those who use themselves as bridges over which they invite their students to cross; then, having facilitated their crossing, joyfully collapse, encouraging them to create their own.† In my classroom, I will provide an environment that shows I am a â€Å"true teacher.† Philosophy of Discipline I believe that children learn best andRead MoreMy Philosophy : Teaching Philosophy1071 Words   |  5 PagesAfter reading Professor Varis teaching philosophy it is quite evident he takes great consideration for his students and their learning opportunities. As I reflect on and review my understanding and my learning philosophy I am given the chance to reflect on past classes and possibly what could have been different on my behalf and the professor’s behalf. Also at this time I relish the opportunity to contimplate what my values, principles, achievement skills and also my expectations for this class areRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Teaching Philosophy1888 Words   |  8 PagesTeaching Philosophy My philosophy of education is founded on the core principle that all children should have equal access to a quality education that will prepare them for higher education and to be contributing members of society. Schools were founded on the primary principle of teaching values to students as well as educating them academically. While values have been removed from the curriculum, I still believe much of what we do as teachers is instilling values in our students. As educators,Read MoreMy Philosophy : My Teaching Philosophy893 Words   |  4 PagesMy Teaching Philosophy Since Koreans started to learn English, thousands of people have struggled to master the language. Parents currently invest a lot of money and their children spend enormous amounts of time studying English as government suggests new language policies. However, proper verification and investigation of those policies have not been done yet and the outlet is really not promising (Suh, 2007). Most Korean students study English for tests. The purpose of English is so focused onRead MoreMy Educational Philosophy : My Philosophy Of Teaching Philosophy952 Words   |  4 PagesMy Teaching Philosophy Wk. 13 By, Julie Bernard EDPC603 My objective as a teacher is to make a difference in the lives of the student I teach. Similarly, through teaching I will provide students with the necessary tools to become critical thinkers. As critical thinkers, my students will be able to make reasoned judgements that are logical and well thought out. My students will not just passively accept arguments and conclusions; my students will be equipped to questionRead MoreMy Teaching Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy Of Teaching932 Words   |  4 Pages This is my personal philosophy of teaching. This is my belief about teaching and learning and how I will put my beliefs into classroom practices. First and foremost, the purpose of education is to educate students so that they can be ready for the real world. It should prepare students for life, work, and citizenship. To do this, education should teach one to think creatively and productively. In addition to preparing students for the real world, all students should be able to read and comprehendRead MoreMy Teaching Philosophy1217 Words   |  5 Pagesis at the elementary school level. My current goal is to either teach the 4th or 5th grade level. Moreover, throughout the semester I have read about or seen different philosophies through the observations I have done throughout the semester. 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I have a special connection with kids and a way of influencing their understanding, which is one of the most valuable skills I have to offer. I teach because children are

Electrical Distribution System

Question: Discuss about the Report for Electrical Distribution System. Answer: 1 Give a critical analysis of why the ships Low Voltage (LV) power electrical distribution system is of the Insulated neutral type The major requirement ashore is the safety for human. The priority onboard is not at all the safety of the machinery, but the priority is to keep the essential machinery in continuous operation. If because of any earth fault, any of the essential components stops working there are a heavy chances of collision, fire or grounding of the ship. Hence, to avoid such instances insulated neutral type system is used. When using earthed distribution system, if earth fault occurs, it may lead to short circuit across the ship and will blow up the fuses. This short circuit takes place because of double break insulation which allows the connection of the conductors. As these conductors are connected, a very high current flows through which by-passes the loads. In earthed distribution system, only one earth fault is enough to create a hazardous situation. Whereas, in Insulated neutral system, if one earth fault occurs, this will not affect the operation of the circuit and the machinery will operate continuously. If second earth fault takes place, then these two cumulative will result in short circuit and then the process will stop. Thus, two earth faults will be required in Insulated neutral type system to create any such destruction which doesnt happen most likely. It can be concluded that Insulated neutral type system is more effective when compared with any other system. This is reason why Insulated neutral type system is preferred over earthed distribution system. 2 evaluate the importance of programmable logic controllers PLCs to the machinery control and monitoring systems on-board modern tonnage. The machinery control and monitoring system which was previously used onboard doesnt possess the extensive I/O arrangements which are the essential requirement of the current days. The current PLC (Programmable logic controller) gives the access to the programmer to develop and make changes according to the situation. The uses of actuators and sensors have evolved in the recent past just because of the use of PLCs. The PLCs operates the magnetic relay/solenoids, hydraulic cylinders and also the electric motors. The previously used machinery and monitoring system uses the form of instruction list programming which was based on the stack-based logic solver in which the difficultly level of tracking circuit problem was immense. However, after the arrival of PLCs this problem have been eradicated completely. The PLCs uses a simple ladder logic which appears as simple electric circuit diagram. Almost all the operations onboard are done using PLCs. These include processing power, storage, data handing, motion control, sequential relay control which are still evolving day by day. The second importance of PLCs are that it can be armored in extreme conditions too; like, cold, heat, dirt and moisture whereas this is not feasible when we talk about machinery control monitoring system. The PLCs used onboard are different when compared to other PLCs which are used for production purposes or light work. Very high precision PLCs are incorporated within the mechanism of the ship so that there are no any chances of any damage. They are highly customized in order to be operated efficiently and accurately. Any error in the PLC will lead to severe destruction to the system as well as the human present within the system. The next is the cost at which it replaces the other mechanism. PLCs are very economical when compared with the machinery and monitoring system. 3 explain how the electrical power is maintained to the vessels essential operating services if the total generating capacity of the power plant is suddenly reduced, for example by the loss of one of the diesel generators. There are various situations in which the supply from the power plant is suddenly reduced; however this doesnt affect the operation of the vessel. Let us consider the situation of loosing of one generator. As we know that generator is considered to be the heart of the electrical design, it is quite evident that loss if single generator should have also affected the operation of the vessels operation. The generators possess the ability to work on its own and can manage the large system loads swings. There should always be special consideration for the additional operations which might occur suddenly. As per the International maritime regulation, at least two of the generators are required for the electrical power system. Out of which one is driven from the propeller shaft and for the other one, it must have its own prime mover. Considering this situation if one is driven from the shaft of the propeller and the other fails, then this will make the ship non-compliant according to the International regulation. Therefore, in almost all ships the owner opts for three generators. Out of which one will be used for the normal sea load and the other two will be kept as reserve and on standby mode for any uneven fluctuation of loads or any specific maintenance work. As the generator fails, it automatically actuates the standby generator and the electricity is supplied. As the frequency and the voltage are settled, the electricity is supplied to the necessary equipment and machinery one after another. Further, if this standby generator fails to start because of any constraint such as not settling the frequency and voltage, the emergency generator starts up and provides the required power to the machineries. 4 0.5 kg of ice at -5 oC is put into a vessel containing 2 kg of water at 15oC and mixed together, the result being a mixture of ice and water at 0oC. Calculate the final masses of ice and water, taking the water equivalent of the vessel as 0.15 kg. The specific heat of ice is 2.04 kJ/kg K and the latent heat of fusion is 335 kJ/kg. m1=2kg the initial mass of water t1=15C the initial water temperature m2=0.5kg the mass of added ice t2=5C the temperature of added ice Lets solve it out process by process Heat required by ice to change its temperature from -5 to 0 degree Celsius = 0.5 2040 (-5 - 0) = 5100 J Heat required by ice to change its phase = = 0.5 335000 = 167500 J Heat rejected by water to attain temperature of 0 degree Celsius = 2 4186 (15 - 0) = 125580 J Upon further calculation we found out that the final mixture of ice and water will contain 2345 g of water and 155 g of ice. 5 Explain the main properties of Superheated steam and give the reasons why it is used in a marine steam plant where Turbines are used The steam which is at higher temperature than that of its boiling point such that it can be cooled by some amount and will not affect the state of it is called as superheated steam. That is, it will not be converted to a mixture of liquid and saturated vapor even if the temperature is lowered by some value. Superheated steam incorporates with tremendous internal energy which is used for the rotary motion through expansion of it against the reciprocating pistons and turbine blades. The most important property of superheated steam is the ability to release internal energy without decreasing the temperature to the condensation temperature of water vapor. There are various reasons because of which superheated steam is only used in the marine steam plant and are as follows: If we use water vapor, which generally contains some droplets of liquids it will be difficult to compress the water vapor as the liquid droplets are incompressible at those pressure at which the turbine operates. Superheated steam doesnt changes its state even after releasing its internal energy, whereas if the steam is not superheated, then after releasing its energy it will take form of liquid droplets which will incorporate with steam and strike the mechanical components of the turbine. This may force the mechanical components to fracture, crack or bend. Using superheated steam ensures that throughout the passage from the turbine to all its mechanical components of the engine, it remains as a compressible gas and will not damage any parts of the engine. 6 Describe how the thrust from the propeller is transmitted through the shafting and associated equipment, to the hull of the ship The transmission of thrust from the propeller to the other equipment is governed by the thrust block, propeller shaft and the stern tube. In other words, the transmission of energy and the control of torque from the thrust block to the stern tube are controlled by these components only. The thrust block present just aft of the main engine and its purpose is to transmit the energy to the structure of the ship which is produced by the rotating propeller. The thrust block contains metals pads which are wedge shaped with oil groves into them. This prevents them from wearing because of the rotation of the drive shaft. There is an oil reservoir at the bottom through which the sea water is circulated. Next, the power is transmitted to the propeller shaft which is connected to the main engine flywheel through the thrust block, which is further passed along the tunnel of the shaft. The stern tube is at the end of the transmission system, it seals the propeller shaft to the aft hull. 7 Explain how sulphur dioxide comes to be a common chemical found in the composition of the exhaust gases of ocean going ships There are various exhaust gases which are emitted from the exhaust of the ship engines. However, the Sulphur dioxide is one of the common chemical compounds which are found. There are several reason because of which this happens but the most important one is the leftovers. The presence of leftover in the engine means that the combustion is not complete. Generally, the fuels used in the ships engines are gasoline which contains greater amount of Sulphur when compared with other fuels which are used. This helps in creating Sulphur dioxide at the time of combustion of fuel. In most of the cases, this Sulphur dioxide is oxidized by the catalyst and SO3 is formed which further react with water and forms Sulphuric acid, whereas in some of the case hydrogen sulphide gas may also be formed. This process given a smell of rotten egg and a black thick smoke is generated. This is the reason why we see black smoke coming out of the exhaust of the ships engine. This is one of the major concerns of the water transporters as well as the living being on this planet. It is very necessary to keep a close eye on the total emission of Sulphur dioxide. The US government has already passed the regulatory according to which the % of Sulphur dioxide shouldnt be greater than 3.6% of the total emission. This can also be controlled by desulfurization of the flue gas, which are being used in almost all the factories and plants across the globe. During this process, the flue gases are allowed to pass through a close chamber where calcium hydroxide is sprayed. The SO2 react with i t and form calcium hydroxide, calcium sulfate and calcium sulfite. 8 Explain the term hydrodynamic lubrication and give the reasons why it can fail. The term hydrodynamic lubrication is given when there is no direct contact between shaft and the bearing material. A wedge or layer of oil supports the shaft rotating within the bearing. The principle used in hydrodynamic lubrication system and because of which the film supports such high load is similar to the aquaplaning of the car on the wet road surface. The tyre of the car slides over the water accumulated between the road and the tyre. This happens because the water accumulates faster than the time required by the weight of the car to remove that water from between and the car floats on the water surface. The same principle goes with the hydrodynamic lubrication system. A wedge is created between the two surfaces because of the relative motion between them. This wedge shaped zone creates high pressure film between the surfaces. Consider the fig, when the journal is at rest, there is a direct contact between the bearing because of load W. When the journal starts moving, it will climb the bearing surfaces and after certain speed the lubricant is pulled a wedge shaped and pushes the journal to the other side. Hence, it is necessary that continuous and sufficient lubrication is provided to the system irrespective of whether supplied under pressure or not. There are various reasons because of which the failure of hydrodynamic lubrication can fail and they are as follows: The weight of the journal is much higher such that it doesnt allow the lubrication to form a wedge like structure. If the speed of the shaft is too slow, then this will not allow the lubricant to form a film between the two surfaces of the contacting material. Hydrodynamic lubrication can only take place if continuous and sufficient lubricant is provided to the system. 9 Complete a line drawing showing the 5 main components, and associated pipework, found in a Basic refrigeration system. In 300 words explain the operation of the system The five main components of the basic refrigeration cycle are as follows: Evaporator Condenser Heat Exchanger Compressor Expansion Valve Working Principle: Consider the beginning of the cycle at the evaporator. Low pressure liquid is fed into the evaporator which absorbs heat, expands and converts into low pressure gas at the exit point of evaporator. This low pressure gas is fed into the compressor from where it is then further pumped to condenser after increasing the pressure of the gas. In some of the refrigeration cycle, accumulator is also used in addition which doesnt allow any liquid droplet to pass to the compressor. It is advised to have accumulator in almost all the system subjected to load variations. Then this gas is transferred to the condenser where it is condensed (heat is removed from the gas) and becomes a high pressure liquid. Between the suction line and the liquid line the heat exchanger is placed which also is an optional one, it may or may not be present depending on the system design. After the condenser, this high pressure liquid gas is passed through the expansion value which controls the flow of the refrigerant into the evaporator. It majorly depends on the evaporator load, higher the evaporator load higher is the flow of refrigerant to the evaporator. As this high pressure liquid enters the evaporator, it is subjected to lower pressure because of the suction of the compressor. This forces the refrigerant to evaporate and for which it takes the heat from the air passing over the evaporator. And, this help in achieving the desired temperature and this cycle continues as long as desired temperature is maintained. Thermostat is also used in the refrigeration system so that it can break the electrical circuit of the compressor motor and stops it as soon as the desired temperature is achieved and starts it as the temperature increases a little bit. 10 Using a combination of drawings, compare the action of a ships propeller/rudder combination with that of a podded drive system, when a ship is turning to Port. Name all the main parts required and explain their function. Rudder which is placed on the aft of the ship is not sufficient enough to turn the ship on its own. It can be understood from the size of the rudder to that rudder being such a small part in the ship will not be able to turn the ship which is infinity times bigger than it. Consider a helmsman turning the ship towards the starboard. It gives some angle to the rudder. Because of this a rudder is force is generated which is directed towards the transverse direction of the ship. This will cause to attain a sway velocity towards the port side. However, this sway is so negligible in comparison to the turning of the ship that it is hardly felt. This only helps in creating a drift angle towards the starboard. Now, lets consider the rudder at the bow side. Now, if rudder is turned toward the starboard, the rudder force will still be in the direction of the port. This rudder direction towards the port and the net hydrodynamic moment would cause the ship to turn towards the port. The podded drive system is still finding its way into the marine industry. The mermaid system from kamewa and Azipod system from Finland have both made up to the cruise industry recently and holding on to the market. It has been known since hundreds of year that narrow channels and confined water are always a challenge to the captain in maneuvering the ship. However, the existence of Podded drive system has somehow decreased the traumatic condition of the captains. In rudder propulsion system, a complete set of propeller and controlled pitch propeller is used to maneuver a ship, whereas in this system its just a mechanism which will maneuver the ship with less effort. This newly designed mechanism doesnt only work efficiently, in addition in conserves energy and money to a greater extent.